| Foundation Field | Main Contribution to AI |
| Philosophy | Logic & reasoning (if–then rules) |
| Mathematics | Algorithms, logic, and statistics |
| Economics | Decision making under constraints |
| Neuroscience | Neural networks, learning & memory |
| Psychology | Human learning & perception models |
| Computer Engineering | Hardware/software for AI systems |
| Control Theory | Feedback & self-correction mechanisms |
| Linguistics | Understanding and generating language |
